{"id":6651,"date":"2026-02-28T01:05:52","date_gmt":"2026-02-27T21:35:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/harandibolt.com\/calculating-bolt-shear-stress-guide\/"},"modified":"2026-03-07T15:54:17","modified_gmt":"2026-03-07T12:24:17","slug":"calculating-bolt-shear-stress-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harandibolt.com\/calculating-bolt-shear-stress-guide\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 (\u03c4) \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u062f. \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:
\n\u03c4 = V \/ As
\n<\/sub><\/code>\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 V \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc (Shear Force) \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u0648 As<\/sub><\/code>\u00a0\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u06cc \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062a\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 (\u0628\u064f\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u06cc\u0627 \u063a\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u064f\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0647) \u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0634\u0631\u06cc\u062d \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a.<\/p>\n

\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0631\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u0648\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0641\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n

\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u06cc\u0631 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0633\u0648\u0646<\/h2>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u061f <\/strong>\u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0641\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u062c\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u062d\u0631\u0641 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u0648 (\u03c4) \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u067e\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u0644 (Pa) \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u06af\u0627\u067e\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u0644 (MPa) \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n

\"\u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645<\/p>\n

\u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686: \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641<\/h3>\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u06cc\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0648 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f (Single Shear):<\/strong>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0648 \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc (V) \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 (P) \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n
  • \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 (Double Shear):<\/strong>\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u060c \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0642 \u06cc\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0686\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0644\u06cc (clevis connection) \u0631\u062e \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 (V)\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u06a9\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 (P\/2) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0639 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \"\u062a\u0646\u0634<\/p>\n

    \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d<\/h2>\n

    \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 (\u03c4 = V\/A)<\/h3>\n

    \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f:<\/p>\n

    \u03c4_avg = V \/ A_bolt <\/code><\/p>\n

    \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646:<\/p>\n

      \n
    • \u03c4_avg <\/code>: \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 (\u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u06af\u0627\u067e\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u0644 (MPa) \u06cc\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 (N\/mm\u00b2)).<\/li>\n
    • V <\/code>: \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 (\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646 (N) \u06cc\u0627 \u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646 (kN)).<\/li>\n
    • A_bolt <\/code>: \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686 (\u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 (mm\u00b2) \u06cc\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 (cm\u00b2)).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc (V) \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 (A)<\/h3>\n

      \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 V \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0634 (\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641) \u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f V=P \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 V=P\/2 \u0627\u0633\u062a. P \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 A_bolt = \u03c0 * (d\/2)\u00b2 <\/code> \u06cc\u0627 A_bolt = \u03c0 * d\u00b2\/4 <\/code> \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 d <\/code> \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0646\u06a9\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0626\u0632 \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0648 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0646\u062f\u0647 (\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0686) \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\u061b \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0628\u0632\u0631\u06af\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0646\u0633\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

      \"\u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646<\/p>\n

      \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686<\/h2>\n

      \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u060c \u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0642\u062a \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n

      \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 (P)\u060c \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686 (d) \u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 (\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641) \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f. \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0648 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u0641\u06cc\u062f \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

      \u06af\u0627\u0645 1: \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0634 (\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641)<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc (V) \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u062d\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u062d\u062a\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u062f\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n

      \u06af\u0627\u0645 2: \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 (V)<\/strong><\/p>\n

      \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc (V) \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f: V = P <\/code> (\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644).<\/li>\n
      2. \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f: V = P\/2 <\/code> (\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u061b \u0632\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        \u06af\u0627\u0645 3: \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686 (A)<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686 (d) \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0646\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0631\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f. \u0633\u067e\u0633 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062f\u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 A = \u03c0 * d\u00b2\/4 <\/code> \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f. \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0646\u062f\u0647 (\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0686) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0627\u06af\u0631 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 20 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0622\u0646 \u03c0 * (20 mm)\u00b2 \/ 4 <\/code> \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

        \u06af\u0627\u0645 4: \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc (\u03c4)<\/strong><\/p>\n

        \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 V (\u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc) \u0648 A (\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639)\u060c \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 V \u0628\u0631 A \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f: \u03c4_avg = V \/ A <\/code>. \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u06af\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648 \u0648 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u060c \u062a\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u06af\u0627\u067e\u0627\u0633\u06a9\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0622\u06cc\u062f).<\/p>\n

        \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc<\/h3>\n

        \u0641\u0631\u0636 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 M20 (\u0642\u0637\u0631 20 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 (P) \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0627 50 \u06a9\u06cc\u0644\u0648\u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646 (50,000 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646) \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u062d \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. \u06af\u0627\u0645 1: \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/li>\n
        2. \u06af\u0627\u0645 2: \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc V = 50,000 N <\/code>.<\/li>\n
        3. \u06af\u0627\u0645 3: \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 d = 20 mm <\/code>. \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 A = \u03c0 * (20 mm)\u00b2 \/ 4 \u2248 314.16 mm\u00b2 <\/code>.<\/li>\n
        4. \u06af\u0627\u0645 4: \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u03c4_avg = 50,000 N \/ 314.16 mm\u00b2 \u2248 159.15 N\/mm\u00b2 (MPa) <\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          \u0646\u06a9\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686<\/h2>\n

          \u0627\u0647\u0645\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062f\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u062f\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u062f\u0646\u062f\u0647 (\u062c\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0686) \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u062f. \u0642\u0633\u0645\u062a \u062f\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0648 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0634\u06cc\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0622\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062e\u0637\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/p>\n

          \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/h3>\n

          \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0622\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u06cc (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0628\u062d\u062b \u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0631\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0634 1401) \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0628 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0646\u062f. \u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0628 \u0648 \u0622\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0647\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u06a9\u062f \u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u0627\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0639 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/caption>\n
          \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u06cc\u0686<\/th>\n\u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u062a \u06a9\u0634\u0634\u06cc \u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc (Fu) (MPa)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          ASTM A307<\/td>\n415<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          ASTM A325<\/td>\n825<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          ASTM A490<\/td>\n1035<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          \u062a\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0634\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0646\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc (\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0622\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062c)<\/caption>\n
          \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u067e\u06cc\u0686<\/th>\n\u062a\u0646\u0634 \u06a9\u0634\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc (Fnt) (MPa)<\/th>\n\u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc (Fnv) (MPa) (\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0634)<\/th>\n\u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc (Fnv) (MPa) (\u0631\u0632\u0648\u0647 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u0641\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0634)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
          ASTM A325<\/td>\n620<\/td>\n310<\/td>\n415<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          ASTM A490<\/td>\n790<\/td>\n395<\/td>\n525<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

          \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n

          \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0633\u062a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u0642\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0637\u0645\u0626\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u0641\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0634 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u0636\u0627\u0639\u0641\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u03c4 = V\/A <\/code> \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u062c\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0622\u06cc\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0646 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u062d\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0635\u062d\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0645\u0646\u06cc \u0648 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0647\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062d\u06cc\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 (\u03c4) \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0644\u0635 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0645\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19,"featured_media":6650,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-6651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-1"],"yoast_head":"\n\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0634\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0686 - \u067e\u06cc\u0686 \u0648 \u0645\u0647\u0631\u0647 \u0647\u0631\u0646\u062f\u06cc<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" 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